Finest open world video games for android offline – Embark on an exciting journey by way of the huge landscapes of cellular gaming! As we speak, we’re diving headfirst into the exhilarating realm of one of the best open-world video games for Android offline. What precisely does “open world” imply in your pocket? Suppose sprawling environments ripe for exploration, the place you are free to roam, uncover hidden treasures, and forge your individual path. And one of the best half?
You are able to do all of it with out a pesky web connection. This implies you are not simply taking part in a recreation; you are stepping right into a world that matches proper in your pocket, able to be explored anytime, wherever.
Our quest to seek out the proper offline open-world expertise includes a deep dive into what makes a recreation really stand out. We’ll be evaluating gameplay, graphics that make your eyes widen, content material that retains you hooked for hours, and replayability that makes you come again for extra. We’ll navigate the tough waters of storage necessities and efficiency, guaranteeing that your system can deal with the journey.
Get able to uncover a curated number of titles that promise to redefine your cellular gaming expertise, all when you’re off the grid!
Introduction
Embarking on a quest to uncover the “Finest Open World Video games for Android Offline” requires a transparent understanding of the important thing elements. This endeavor is not nearly itemizing video games; it is about curating experiences that provide freedom, engagement, and lasting enjoyment, all with out the necessity for an web connection. This exploration delves into the defining traits of open-world gameplay, the standards that elevate video games to “finest” standing, and the importance of offline accessibility within the cellular gaming panorama.Understanding the nuances of open-world design, the benchmarks of high quality, and the advantages of offline play is important.
This introduction serves as the inspiration for a journey by way of digital worlds, the place gamers can roam freely, uncover hidden tales, and form their very own destinies.
Defining “Open World” in Cell Gaming
Open-world video games on Android present gamers with a way of freedom and exploration that goes past linear ranges. They sometimes characteristic expansive maps, permitting gamers to traverse various environments at their very own tempo. The core precept revolves round participant company and the power to work together with the sport world in significant methods.
- Huge Environments: These video games characteristic massive, explorable maps, starting from sprawling cities to lush forests and desolate wastelands. These environments will not be simply static backgrounds; they’re dynamic areas crammed with secrets and techniques, challenges, and alternatives. As an illustration, contemplate the size of the world in “Genshin Affect” (although primarily on-line), which showcases the potential for enormous environments on cellular.
- Participant Freedom: Gamers are typically free to decide on their very own paths, pursue quests in any order, and interact with the world as they see match. This contrasts with extra structured video games that restrict participant motion or impose strict mission sequences.
- Emergent Gameplay: The very best open-world video games permit for emergent gameplay, the place participant actions and environmental interactions result in sudden and infrequently distinctive outcomes. This could embrace crafting, useful resource administration, and social interactions with NPCs.
- Interactive Parts: Open-world environments are sometimes crammed with interactive components, corresponding to destructible objects, drivable autos, and characters with whom gamers can work together. These components improve immersion and contribute to the sense of a residing, respiratory world.
Standards for Figuring out “Finest”
Defining the “finest” open-world video games requires a multifaceted strategy, contemplating a number of key components that contribute to general enjoyment and replayability. These standards guarantee a complete analysis of every recreation’s strengths.
- Gameplay: Gameplay is the guts of any recreation, and in open-world titles, it encompasses the core mechanics, controls, and general participant expertise. Video games ought to provide participating fight, intuitive controls, and satisfying development methods. For instance, “Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas” on cellular, whereas dated, nonetheless presents strong gameplay mechanics which have stood the check of time, showcasing the significance of core gameplay.
- Graphics: Visible constancy performs a vital function in immersion. Whereas cellular gadgets have limitations, the “finest” video games typically make the most of optimized graphics that present a visually interesting expertise with out compromising efficiency. “Genshin Affect” (once more, although online-focused) demonstrates how spectacular graphics might be achieved on cellular by way of cautious optimization and inventive route.
- Content material: The quantity and number of content material are important. This contains the scale of the world, the variety of quests, the variety of actions, and the general longevity of the sport. A recreation with a wealthy and assorted content material providing will hold gamers engaged for hours on finish.
- Replayability: Replayability refers back to the recreation’s potential to retain participant curiosity over time. That is typically achieved by way of a number of endings, totally different character builds, difficult issue ranges, and a powerful sense of participant company. Video games like “Minecraft” exemplify excessive replayability by way of their sandbox nature and infinite potentialities.
Significance of “Offline” Play
Offline play is a major issue within the context of cellular gaming, providing quite a few advantages and influencing recreation choice. This characteristic caters to gamers who could have restricted or unreliable web entry.
- Accessibility: Offline video games are accessible to gamers no matter their location or web connectivity. That is significantly vital for individuals who journey incessantly or dwell in areas with poor community protection.
- Comfort: The flexibility to play anytime, wherever, while not having an web connection, supplies unparalleled comfort. Gamers can take pleasure in their video games throughout commutes, flights, or different conditions the place web entry is unavailable.
- Knowledge Utilization: Offline video games don’t devour cellular information, which is usually a important benefit for gamers with restricted information plans. This additionally reduces the danger of sudden information prices.
- Concentrate on Single-Participant Expertise: Offline video games typically emphasize the single-player expertise, offering a extra centered and immersive narrative. Gamers will not be distracted by on-line interactions or aggressive components.
Graphics, Efficiency, and Person Expertise
The second recreation we’re inspecting boasts a compelling mix of visuals, efficiency traits, and user-centric design that considerably elevates the general gaming expertise. These components, working in live performance, decide how pleasing and accessible the sport is on a wide range of Android gadgets. Let’s delve into how that is achieved.
Graphical Constancy and Visible Type
The visible model of the second recreation is a vibrant and stylized illustration of its open-world atmosphere. It employs a particular cel-shaded aesthetic, giving the sport a comic book guide or animated really feel. This inventive alternative permits for a decrease polygon depend whereas nonetheless sustaining a visually wealthy and interesting expertise. Character fashions are expressive, with exaggerated options that contribute to the sport’s lighthearted tone.
The atmosphere is crammed with colour, and the usage of dynamic lighting and shadows creates depth and visible curiosity. Contemplate, for instance, the best way daylight filters by way of the leaves of the bushes, casting intricate patterns on the bottom, enhancing the immersive really feel of the sport world. This model additionally makes the sport extra accessible on a wider vary of gadgets, as it’s much less demanding on processing energy in comparison with photorealistic graphics.
Efficiency Traits on Varied Android Units
Efficiency varies considerably relying on the Android system’s {hardware} specs.On low-end gadgets, the sport is optimized to run easily, typically with diminished graphical settings. This may occasionally contain decreasing the decision, disabling sure visible results, and decreasing the draw distance. The builders have clearly prioritized body charges to make sure a playable expertise, even on much less highly effective {hardware}.On mid-range gadgets, the sport sometimes runs at a better decision and with extra visible results enabled.
Gamers can anticipate smoother body charges and a extra detailed visible expertise. The sport is prone to dynamically alter the graphics settings based mostly on the system’s capabilities to keep up optimum efficiency.Excessive-end gadgets provide one of the best efficiency, with the sport operating on the highest decision, with all visible results enabled. Gamers can anticipate a persistently easy body fee, detailed textures, and spectacular visible constancy.
The sport is optimized to take full benefit of the highly effective {hardware}, offering a visually beautiful expertise.
Person Interface and Person Expertise
The consumer interface (UI) and consumer expertise (UX) are designed to be intuitive and accessible, guaranteeing gamers can simply navigate the sport’s menus and controls. The UI components are clearly displayed and well-organized, making it simple to seek out data and entry recreation options.The controls are responsive and customizable. Gamers can alter the sensitivity of the digital controls or use a gamepad for a extra comfy expertise.The menus are streamlined and straightforward to navigate.
Gamers can shortly entry settings, stock, and different vital recreation data.The sport additionally options useful tutorials and prompts that information gamers by way of the sport’s mechanics and options. This ensures that new gamers can shortly be taught the ropes and benefit from the recreation with out feeling overwhelmed.
How Graphics Improve Gameplay
The graphics within the second recreation aren’t only for present; they play a vital function in enhancing the gameplay expertise.
- The cel-shaded artwork model, with its daring traces and vibrant colours, instantly units the tone, speaking a way of journey and enjoyable. This stylistic alternative is a deliberate resolution by the builders.
- The visible readability ensures that gamers can simply determine objects and characters, even in crowded environments. That is significantly vital in an open-world recreation, the place gamers want to have the ability to shortly orient themselves and make strategic choices.
- The dynamic lighting and shadows add depth and realism to the atmosphere, making a extra immersive and interesting expertise. Contemplate the impact of a sundown casting lengthy shadows throughout the panorama; this visible impact provides to the general emotional impression of the sport.
- The expressive character fashions and animations contribute to the sport’s storytelling. The way in which characters transfer and react to the atmosphere supplies visible cues that improve the narrative and make the sport extra participating.
In essence, the graphics of the second recreation are a significant element of its general enchantment, enhancing the gameplay expertise by making a visually participating, intuitive, and pleasing open world.
World Design and Exploration
The open worlds of one of the best offline Android video games provide greater than only a backdrop; they’re integral to the gameplay expertise, offering a way of scale, surprise, and alternative for exploration. A well-designed world can captivate gamers, encouraging them to uncover secrets and techniques, interact with the atmosphere, and really feel really immersed within the recreation. This part delves into the world design and exploration features of the third chosen recreation, highlighting its measurement, element, and the participating actions it presents.
World Measurement and Scope
The third recreation’s world, a sprawling post-apocalyptic panorama, presents an enormous and assorted atmosphere to discover. Spanning a substantial geographic space, the world presents gamers with quite a few areas, every distinct in its environmental traits and gameplay alternatives.
Environmental Element and Selection
The extent of element within the recreation’s world is outstanding, with meticulously crafted environments that improve the sense of immersion. Environmental selection is a key characteristic, with the world encompassing various biomes, starting from desolate wastelands to overgrown city ruins and dangerous, irradiated zones.
Fascinating Places, Secrets and techniques, and Actions, Finest open world video games for android offline
The world is teeming with secrets and techniques, hidden areas, and interesting actions that encourage exploration. Discovering these components provides important depth to the gameplay.
- Deserted Army Bases: These provide high-value loot and difficult fight situations, encouraging gamers to fastidiously plan their strategy and make the most of their expertise.
- Hidden Underground Bunkers: These present glimpses into the world’s previous, revealing the occasions resulting in the apocalypse by way of audio logs and environmental storytelling.
- Aspect Quests and Challenges: Quite a few facet quests are scattered all through the world, providing rewards, increasing the narrative, and offering alternatives to work together with the sport’s inhabitants. These vary from easy fetch quests to advanced investigations requiring gamers to unravel puzzles and make troublesome decisions.
- Useful resource Gathering: The atmosphere is an important supply of assets. Gamers can scavenge for supplies to craft weapons, improve gear, and construct shelters, incentivizing thorough exploration of each nook and cranny.
- Dynamic Occasions: Random encounters and occasions, corresponding to bandit ambushes or mutant assaults, add a component of unpredictability and pleasure, maintaining gamers on their toes and rewarding adaptability.
Visible Features of the World
The visible design of the third recreation’s world is a testomony to the builders’ dedication to making a plausible and immersive atmosphere. Think about a sprawling panorama, scarred by a forgotten cataclysm. The remnants of a once-thriving civilization are scattered throughout the horizon: crumbling skyscrapers pierce the dusty sky, their skeletal frames silhouetted towards a perpetual, ochre sundown. Overgrown vegetation, tenacious and vibrant, claws on the concrete ruins, reclaiming the misplaced world.
Rust-colored dunes stretch so far as the attention can see, punctuated by the occasional skeletal stays of autos, half-buried within the shifting sands. Scattered all through the panorama are pockets of vibrant, unnatural colours—the glowing inexperienced of poisonous waste, the stark white of bone-dry salt flats, and the fiery orange of a perpetual mud storm on the distant horizon. The general impression is one in all each desolation and resilience, a world ravaged by catastrophe however nonetheless teeming with life and hidden potential.
The eye to element is clear in each location, from the graffiti-covered partitions of deserted buildings to the meticulously crafted textures of the weathered terrain, inviting gamers to delve deeper into its secrets and techniques.
Content material and Longevity

The enduring enchantment of a cellular open-world recreation is not solely decided by its preliminary attract; it is the depth and number of content material that in the end sustains participant curiosity over time. A sturdy recreation presents a compelling narrative, various actions, and a way of development that encourages gamers to return and discover additional. Longevity is constructed on replayability, the power for gamers to expertise the sport in numerous methods, and the continual addition of recent content material.Let’s delve into the fourth chosen recreation, analyzing its content material construction and the way it compares to the choices of one other distinguished open-world title, thereby assessing its potential for sustained engagement.
Content material Varieties within the Fourth Sport
The fourth recreation, let’s name it “Wanderlust Chronicles,” supplies a wealthy tapestry of experiences designed to maintain gamers immersed in its world. The sport’s content material is multifaceted, catering to varied playstyles and preferences. This selection is vital to sustaining participant engagement.Here is a breakdown of the content material sorts accessible in “Wanderlust Chronicles”:
- Predominant Story Quests: These quests drive the central narrative ahead, revealing the sport’s core plot and characters. They’re sometimes linear in development, however typically characteristic decisions that have an effect on the story’s final result, including replayability. These quests contain exploration, fight, and puzzle-solving, seamlessly integrating the sport’s numerous mechanics.
- Aspect Quests: Providing a wide selection of self-contained narratives and challenges, facet quests present extra context to the world and introduce distinctive characters. These quests can vary from easy fetch quests to elaborate investigations, rewarding gamers with expertise, gadgets, and additional insights into the sport’s lore. Some facet quests are designed to be found organically by way of exploration, encouraging gamers to deviate from the principle storyline.
- Actions and Mini-Video games: “Wanderlust Chronicles” features a various number of actions to interrupt up the principle gameplay loop. These would possibly contain fishing, crafting, racing, or collaborating in area battles. These actions not solely present a change of tempo but additionally provide alternatives to earn rewards and enhance participant expertise.
- Exploration and Discovery: The open world is crammed with secrets and techniques, hidden areas, and factors of curiosity. Gamers are incentivized to discover each nook of the map, uncovering uncommon gadgets, lore entries, and environmental storytelling components. The enjoyment of discovery is a key aspect of the sport’s design.
- Character Customization and Development: Gamers can customise their character’s look and skills. This customization can embrace decisions about weapons, expertise, and armor. As gamers full quests and actions, they earn expertise factors and assets that they’ll use to improve their character.
- Crafting and Useful resource Administration: “Wanderlust Chronicles” incorporates a crafting system, permitting gamers to create weapons, potions, and different helpful gadgets from gathered assets. This method provides one other layer of depth, encouraging gamers to discover the world for supplies and to handle their stock fastidiously.
Replayability and Longevity
The replayability of “Wanderlust Chronicles” is a key energy, primarily due to the content material selection. The inclusion of decisions inside the principle story, mixed with the abundance of facet quests and actions, encourages gamers to expertise the sport a number of instances. Moreover, the sport’s builders are dedicated to offering ongoing content material updates.Contemplate the instance of a recreation like “Genshin Affect,” one other common open-world title on cellular.
“Genshin Affect” is legendary for its common updates, introducing new characters, areas, and occasions. These updates hold the sport feeling recent and supply gamers with a continuing stream of recent content material to take pleasure in. The identical precept applies to “Wanderlust Chronicles,” as common updates are deliberate so as to add new quests, actions, and areas to discover, guaranteeing that gamers at all times have one thing new to expertise.The longevity of “Wanderlust Chronicles” additionally is dependent upon its neighborhood engagement.
The sport contains options to facilitate interplay between gamers, corresponding to cooperative modes, buying and selling, or social options, which is able to assist to construct a powerful neighborhood.
The mix of various content material, replayability, and steady updates creates a powerful basis for the long-term success of “Wanderlust Chronicles.”
Controls and Optimization for Cell Units: Finest Open World Video games For Android Offline
Navigating huge open worlds on a cellular system presents distinctive challenges. The constraints of a touchscreen, coupled with the necessity for easy efficiency and extended battery life, demand considerate design and optimization. Let’s delve into how the fifth chosen recreation tackles these features, guaranteeing a satisfying and immersive expertise for gamers on the go.
Management Scheme and Performance
The management scheme within the recreation is thoughtfully designed to accommodate the constraints of a touchscreen whereas retaining the depth and complexity anticipated of an open-world title. It goals to strike a steadiness between accessibility and precision.
- On-Display screen Controls: The sport makes use of a digital joystick on the left facet of the display screen for motion, whereas the best facet homes motion buttons for attacking, leaping, interacting with objects, and utilizing particular skills. These buttons are customizable, permitting gamers to regulate their measurement and place to go well with their preferences. The format is intuitive, minimizing the quantity of display screen actual property taken up by controls, permitting for a greater view of the sport world.
- Gamepad Help: The sport absolutely helps a variety of Bluetooth gamepads, providing a extra conventional and comfy management expertise. When a gamepad is related, the on-screen controls robotically disappear, offering a cleaner interface. Button mappings are customizable inside the recreation’s settings, permitting gamers to remap actions to their most popular buttons. As an illustration, the left stick controls motion, the best stick controls the digital camera, and face buttons are assigned to actions like attacking, leaping, and interacting.
- Particular Button Features:
- The ‘Assault’ button initiates melee assaults, with the kind of assault typically relying on the weapon geared up and the size of the button press.
- The ‘Bounce’ button permits the character to leap over obstacles and attain larger areas.
- The ‘Work together’ button is used to choose up gadgets, speak to NPCs, open doorways, and work together with the atmosphere.
- Particular potential buttons, corresponding to these for casting spells or utilizing devices, are often situated on the best facet of the display screen, or mapped to particular gamepad buttons.
Optimization for Cell Units
Optimizing for cellular gadgets is essential for guaranteeing a easy and pleasing gaming expertise. This includes balancing visible constancy with efficiency and battery life.
- Efficiency: The sport presents a number of graphics settings, permitting gamers to regulate the visible high quality based mostly on their system’s capabilities. These settings embrace choices for adjusting the decision, texture high quality, shadow high quality, and draw distance. Decreasing these settings can considerably enhance efficiency on much less highly effective gadgets, whereas nonetheless sustaining a playable body fee. The sport employs strategies like dynamic decision scaling to keep up a constant body fee, robotically adjusting the rendering decision based mostly on the system’s efficiency.
- Battery Life: The sport incorporates a number of options to preserve battery life. The sport permits gamers to restrict the body fee to 30fps or decrease, which reduces the load on the system’s processor and GPU. That is significantly helpful for longer play periods. The sport additionally contains an choice to disable visible results, corresponding to particle results and bloom, which might additional cut back battery drain.
- Actual-World Examples: Contemplate the impression of body fee on battery consumption. A recreation operating at 60 frames per second will devour considerably extra energy than a recreation operating at 30 frames per second. The distinction might be as a lot as 20-30% in battery life. Dynamic decision scaling is one other vital approach. If the sport detects that the system is struggling to keep up a secure body fee, it can robotically cut back the rendering decision, corresponding to from 1080p to 720p, to enhance efficiency.
This could result in a extra secure and pleasing gaming expertise, even on much less highly effective gadgets.
Ideas and Methods for Enhancing the Gaming Expertise
Enhancing your gameplay expertise on Android can contain a number of changes.
- Modify Graphics Settings: Experiment with totally different graphics settings to seek out the optimum steadiness between visible high quality and efficiency. In case your system struggles to keep up a secure body fee, contemplate decreasing the decision, texture high quality, and shadow high quality.
- Use a Gamepad: Connecting a gamepad can considerably enhance the management expertise, particularly for action-oriented gameplay. It supplies a extra exact and comfy option to management your character and navigate the sport world.
- Shut Background Apps: Shut any pointless apps operating within the background to liberate system assets and enhance efficiency. This can assist cut back lag and enhance body charges.
- Monitor Battery Utilization: Control the sport’s battery utilization and alter your gameplay accordingly. In the event you’re operating low on battery, contemplate decreasing the body fee or disabling visible results to preserve energy.
Monetization and In-App Purchases (If Relevant)

Within the realm of cellular gaming, understanding the monetary framework is essential. How a recreation chooses to generate income considerably impacts participant expertise. This part delves into the monetization technique of our sixth chosen open-world Android recreation, analyzing the mixing of in-app purchases and their affect on gameplay.
Monetization Mannequin
The sixth recreation employs a freemium mannequin. This implies the sport is free to obtain and play, however presents elective in-app purchases (IAPs) to boost the participant’s journey. This strategy permits a broad viewers to entry the sport, whereas offering income streams by way of elective content material.
Affect of In-App Purchases on the Gaming Expertise
The effectiveness of IAPs hinges on their impression on the general expertise. A well-implemented system ought to complement the gameplay, not overshadow it. The sport goals to offer a balanced expertise the place gamers can progress with out spending cash, whereas those that select to speculate can speed up their progress or entry unique content material.
Honest and Balanced Expertise
A vital facet is equity. The sport strives to make sure a degree taking part in subject for each paying and non-paying gamers. Whereas IAPs provide benefits, they need to not create an insurmountable hole. Ability and technique stay paramount. The purpose is to offer a rewarding expertise for all gamers, no matter their spending habits.
Integration of In-App Purchases
In-app purchases on this recreation are primarily built-in to supply comfort and customization. Gamers should buy in-game foreign money, which can be utilized to accumulate beauty gadgets, pace up development, or receive assets. These purchases are solely elective and don’t unlock any unique gameplay content material. For instance, a participant may select to purchase a singular outfit for his or her character, which supplies no statistical benefit however enhances their visible expertise.
One other instance includes rushing up building instances for in-game buildings, permitting gamers to progress quicker however not creating an unfair benefit by way of gameplay mechanics.
Group Reception and Participant Suggestions

The seventh recreation in our open-world Android offline journey has been a topic of appreciable dialogue inside the gaming neighborhood. Participant suggestions, derived from critiques, rankings, and discussion board discussions, presents a complete view of the sport’s strengths and weaknesses. This part delves into the final reception, highlights widespread praises and criticisms, identifies main points, and supplies a concise execs and cons checklist based mostly on participant experiences.
Common Group Reception
The general neighborhood reception of the seventh recreation is combined. Whereas it has garnered a devoted following, its reception just isn’t universally constructive. A good portion of gamers reward the sport’s ambition and distinctive mechanics, whereas others categorical frustration with numerous technical points and design decisions. Person critiques on platforms just like the Google Play Retailer and devoted gaming boards mirror this dichotomy.
Common rankings typically hover round a decent however not distinctive rating, indicating a product that has each enchantment and areas needing enchancment.
Widespread Praises and Criticisms
The sport is lauded for its revolutionary strategy to open-world gameplay, significantly its distinctive crafting system and narrative depth. Many gamers benefit from the freedom of exploration and the various vary of actions accessible.The sport additionally receives important criticism. Gamers incessantly cite efficiency points, particularly on older gadgets. The complexity of the crafting system, whereas appreciated by some, is seen as overwhelming by others.
The story, though praised for its depth, is usually criticized for its pacing and occasional inconsistencies. Moreover, the monetization mannequin, which incorporates in-app purchases, is a supply of competition for some, who really feel it impacts the general gameplay expertise.
Main Bugs and Points Reported
Gamers have reported a number of recurring points, impacting their expertise.
- Efficiency Stuttering: Frequent body fee drops and stuttering, particularly throughout graphically intensive scenes or when navigating advanced environments, are widespread complaints, particularly on mid-range and low-end gadgets. This instantly impacts the gameplay expertise.
- Quest Glitches: Gamers have reported cases the place quests fail to set off accurately, develop into not possible to finish, or result in progress-blocking conditions. These bugs can result in important frustration.
- Crash Points: Some gamers expertise sudden recreation crashes, significantly throughout extended gameplay periods or when accessing sure in-game menus. This can lead to the lack of progress and disrupt the gaming expertise.
- Collision Detection Issues: Points with character and object collision, resulting in characters getting caught within the atmosphere or interacting improperly with objects, have been reported.
Execs and Cons Based mostly on Participant Suggestions
Based mostly on participant suggestions, a abstract of the professionals and cons is supplied.
- Execs:
- Modern Crafting System: The sport’s distinctive and detailed crafting system supplies depth and participant company.
- Partaking Narrative: A compelling storyline with fascinating characters and world-building retains gamers invested.
- Freedom of Exploration: Gamers respect the expansive open world and the liberty to discover at their very own tempo.
- Cons:
- Efficiency Points: Body fee drops and stuttering, particularly on lower-end gadgets, hinder the gameplay expertise.
- Advanced Crafting System: Whereas revolutionary, the complexity of the crafting system might be overwhelming for some gamers.
- Monetization Mannequin: In-app purchases are seen by some as intrusive and impacting the gameplay expertise.
- Bugs and Glitches: Frequent stories of quest glitches, crashes, and collision detection issues detract from the general enjoyment.